Improved process for making augers and boring-bits



C. WHITEHUUSE.

Making Augers.

Patented June l5, 1869.

diluted gime @aan can.

LAND.

Letters Batent No. 91,503, dated June 15, 1869. l

mnovnb Pnoonss ron MAKING AUGERS AND Romaans.

The Sohgdnle referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

To all t whom it ma/y conce/m sp Be it known that'I, OoRNnrrus Wmrnnonsn, of yBridgtown, near Gannock, in Vtle 'conntyof Staiford, England, edge-tool `and anger-maker, a subject of the Queen of GreatBl-itain, have invented or discovered new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Angers, Boring-Bits, and other similar tools, and I, the-said CORNELIUS Wm'rnnonsn, do herebyv declarc the nature .of the ysaid-invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereofg that s'to sayfi Y `My invention consistsof theimprovements herein` after -described, and illnstratedin the accompanying drawing, in the manufacture of angers, boring-bits, and other similar tools. f y

I will describe and illnstratemy invention as applied to the mannfacture'of. angers, by which description -and illnstrationl believe the application of my inventionto boring-'bits and other similar tools 1will be readily y understood.

In manufacturing angers according to my invention, I form, iu the ordinary way, of sand or' other material, `parts of a mould, the said partsrof a mould being formed upon-a pattern-auger. l p

I I prefer to make the mould in two parts, but I do not limit myself thereto, as, where the form of the auger requires it, the mould maybe made in three or more parts. f n l Having `put the parts of the mould together-and secured them in position, I pour into the said mould melted steel, homogeneous iro, or other compound of iron and carbon having the nature of steel, or which,

.hy subsequent treatment, can be converted `wholly or superdcially into steel. i

After the solidication of the melted metal, the mould is opened, and the auger casttherein is removed therefrom, I

The said anger isafterwards` annealed by'being heated in contact with hematite iron-ore or other iron-ore of similar composition'. i

The steel or iron of which the anger is made is thereby wholly or partially decarbonized or softened.` I next shake a number of the cast angers in an ordinary shaking-tub, by which shaking the particles of sand or iron-ore attached to them are removed, and the angers partially brightened.

While the anger is still in a soft-state, Ibend, bore, file, or otherwise fashion any parts of it which may reqnire-achauge of form.- For example, when the anger has curved wings of the kind represented at a, Figure 1 of the-drawing, I eastthe auger in the'form represented in Figure 2, in which the wings ,marked` a a,z are cast without the curvature they have in the finished anger, liig. 1, and

I- give them the required curvature, and file them inte proper shape before proceeding to the next or hardening-process. When, instead of curved wings, the anger has angular wings, I .cast the wings straight, as represented in g.'2, and bend orfashion them into the required shape before liug and hardening.

Whn the auger has solid wings, that is, wings, the ends of which are not detached from the anger, as'represented inthe, anger, Figure 3, in which gnre the said wings are'marked b b, I cast the said Vwings in the manner represented in Figure 4, that is, Without perforations, and while the said anger, g. 4, is in a soft state, I make or bore therein, at the parts marked c2 ci, perforatons similar to thosemarked c c in g. 3.

- I also, while the angers are in a soft state, file into shape the wings, and form the screw or point d upon the ends e e of the angers.

Figure 5 represents an anger of the kind described and represented in the' specication of Letters Patent granted tome in England, dated J une 13, 1868, No. 1,935.

In'mannfactnring this kind of anger according to my present invention, I cast it as previously described, and, after the annealing or softening-process, I fashion the cutting-edge or edges f and screw or point g.

After the required form has been thus given to the several parts of the angers, I then harden the said angers.

When the said angers are made of steel or of a quality of iron capable of being hardened by the ordinary hardening-process, I harden them by the said hardening-process; that is te' say, I heat them to redness and pl'nnge them into oil cr water.

When the angers are made of iron, which will not harde'n by this, the ordinary hardening-process, or in which the hardening-property has been destroyed by the process of annealing, I case-harden or convert the anger partially or wholly into steel by heating the said anger in contact with prnssiate of potash, or by any of the well-knownprccesses employed for communieating the hardening-property to iron or steel. After the case-hardening or yconverting-process last described, I harden the angers by the ordinary hardening-process of heating and plunging them` into water or oil. After hardening, the angers may be brought to the required temper in the ordinary way. The angers are polishedrand finished in the same manner as wrought-steel angers are polished and finished.

I make the moulds by which I carry my invention into eiiect either of sand or other nonmetallic material of which moulds are or may be made, or I make the said moulds of metal.

WhenI employ metal moulds, I prefer to make the said moulds of cast-steel 'or east-iron,

The kind of cest-immuun I prefer is um what can be annealed or decarbonized by being heated in contact with hematite, and which is commonly called malleable cast-iron.

In using metal moulds, they may be heated before casting the metal in them, to prevent the too sudden cooling or chilling of the cast-metal.

When I make the angers of homogeneous iron or malleable cast-iron, I prefer to use sand moulds, but when I make the said angers of cast-steel, I prefer to use metal moulds.

In the latter case the east-steel angers are more dense and free from the honey-comb structure which frequently arises when steel is cast in sand moulds.

Although I have only described the manufacture of a single auger, yet I wish it to be understood that several angers of the same or dierent sizes, and several different kinds of boring-tools, may be made in the same mould.

I do not think it necessary to describe my invention as applied to the manufacture of boring-bits and other similar boring-tools, as Vthe application of my invention to the said articles differs in no essential respect from its application to angers.

Having now described the nature of my invention,

and the manner in which the same isto be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may be varied without departing from th'e nature of my invention; but

I claim as my invention- The manufacture of angers, boring-bits, and other similar tools by the process or combination of processes hereinbefore described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawing; that is to say, making the said augers, boring-bits, and other similar tools, by rst casting them of steel or iron, and subsequently softening or annealing the same, bending and shaping into the required form such parts as could not be conveniently cast of the required form, and finally hardening and finishing the said tools, substantially as described and ihustrated.

CORNELIUS WHITEHOUSE. [1.. 8.]

Witnesses:

GEORGE SHAW,

7 Cannon Street, Birmingham. Rxcnnm SKEBBETT,

7 Gannon Street, Bfi/rmnghmn. 

